Reference Listening
One of the best ways to ensure your mix is heading in the right
direction is by listening to well mixed songs periodically throughout
the mixing process. Continually checking your mix against a great
reference helps you shape specific elements in your mix, keeps your ears
tuned, and challenges you to perfect your mix.
Like with many other art-forms, imitation is flattery rather than
forgery. Mixes cannot be copyrighted (lucky for us). If you
find a song with great production you can copy everything in the mix, as
long as you have the skills and patience to do it. I'm not talking
about sampling, I'm talking about the eq, the effects, the compression.
Really like those drum sounds on the latest Foo Fighters' CD? Put
that on your reference list. As you are tweaking the drum sounds,
switch back and forth from your mix to the Foo Fighters and sculpt the
sounds to match.
You can put 3 or 4 songs in a playlist within ITunes or Windows Media
Player and set it on random. Pick songs from different artists
that each represent something you like that you would like to emulate in
your mix. Every time you return to the beginning of your song,
switch to your reference for 10-20 seconds. Listen to what sounds
different (or better) and try to understand why. Try not to
rationalize what you are doing as being really creative - if it doesn't
compare favorably it is probably going too far. And don't fool
yourself into thinking your mix sounds better because the bass is so
full and the reference song is just wimpy. You are probably
overdoing the bass. Push yourself to understand why the mix
engineer on your favorite mixes did what they did.
One thing to be aware of is that you are comparing fully mastered songs
to your mix. They are probably way louder than your mix. Set
your reference players volume so it is the same level as your mix.
Besides volume, the closer you get to your reference in terms of EQ,
balance, separation of instruments, etc. the less will have to be done
in mastering. This is a good thing - you want your mix to have the
right balance. Just avoid adding any compression, limiting or eq
to the overall mix. The more you can shape each individual element
of the mix to get the overall sound you are after, the better the final
product will be after mastering.
Reference listening also can help compensate for a poor mixing room or
monitors. If you have 3 or 4 reference songs and your mix sounds
somewhat similar playing in your room on your monitors, you are probably
in the right ballpark. (Your room is affecting the curve of the
reference songs the same way it is affecting your mix.) This is
certainly not a solution to the problem, but can help you create better
mixes if you can't do anything about your environment.
Once you think you have a good mix, listen to it along with your
reference songs on as many different systems in as many different rooms
as you can. Every room and every system will reveal different
things in your mix. Your car is a really good place to listen.
The thing that is interesting is that your reference songs will sound
good in just about any environment. This is your goal!! Take
notes on what sounds different on each system, go back and try to
compensate.
One of the myths about audio engineers is that they always know what the
"right" sound is. The truth is that they have learned to tune
their ears often to a good reference, especially when moving around from
studio to studio. After many years, you get a better sense of what
is right and wrong, but this technique remains indispensible.